Go to main content
Formats
Format
BibTeX
MARCXML
TextMARC
MARC
DataCite
DublinCore
EndNote
NLM
RefWorks
RIS

Files

Abstract

Scalar inference (SI), e.g., utterances containing some being enriched to mean some but not all, is a central topic in semantics and pragmatics. Of recent interest in the experimental literature is scalar diversity: different lexical scales differ in their likelihood of leading to SI. Studies of scalar diversity have almost exclusively relied on the so-called inference task. In this article, we highlight two shortcomings of the inference task: it biases participants by providing them with the stronger alternative, and it obscures pragmatic inferences other than SI. We offer as an alternative a degree estimate task to investigate utterances containing scalar terms. We validate the degree estimate task, i.a., by successfully replicating a previous finding about scalar diversity: that the distinctness of scalar terms (some versus all) is a significant predictor of it. We then use degree estimates to reassess previous inference task-based findings. Our results show that biasing discourse contexts lead to lower degree estimates (i.e., more strengthened meanings) than a manipulation with only, which contrasts with prior literature’s findings. The article concludes that the inference and degree estimate tasks both have advantages: the former offers a straightforward definition of SI calculation, while the latter avoids explicitly mentioning a negated stronger alternative.

Details

PDF

from
to
Export
Download Full History